National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius Essay Example for Free

National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius EssayLife was different back in the 1880s. The teleph whiz had proficient been invented, James Garfield was president, and doctors used heroin and cocaine as medicine. Alas, many doctors knew very little about medicine. Oftentimes unsafe and unsterile practices were used on patients. The NY Times reports that, At least a dozen medical experts probed the President Garfields wound, often with unsterilized metal instruments or bargon hands, as was common at the time.Historians assure that massive infection, which resulted from unsterile practices, contributed to Garfields death. One man suggested that they turn the president upside down and see if the bullet would just fall out. Because of their usual lack of success, doctors did non charge very much for their services it was very affordable most of the time, even for middle class families. However, as time and technology progressed, the cost of wellnessc be and medical in struments dramatically rose.In his New Deal package, President Roosevelt proposed a state-run health financial aid system with compulsory health insurance for state residents, but states could tell apart whether to participate. The federal official g all overnment would provide some subsidies and set minimum standards that the state had to adhere by. While the proposal did not pass, the idea of universal healthcare insurance insurance coverage for everyone stuck. Since Roosevelt, every single Democratic President elected into office has attempted to pass a indication of universal health care, but none set about achieved the feat.That is, until President Obama was sworn into office in January 2009. In his 2008 presidential campaign, he made healthcare reform a central issue. Both parties adopted their version of reform, but since Democrats held a majority in the House and the Senate at the time, their version was the one that passed. On March 23rd, 2010, President Obama signed into practice of law the Patient security department and Affordable Care Act (dubbed by many Republicans as ObamaCare).According to the White House, it claims four key components of the law stronger consumer unspoileds and protections (which includes a ban on life-time limits, a ban on denying children health insurance based on pre-existing conditions, and a ban on coverage cancellations), more(prenominal) affordable coverage (Private insurers must provide justification for double-digit increases in premiums), better access to care (Preventative screenings for cancer are now free), and stronger Medicare (Provides relief to seniors who cannot afford prescription drugs).Since insurance companies are required to provide care, it makes sense to buy insurance only when you need it. In other words, wait until you get sick to buy insurance, because they cannot turn you down. In order to combat this, the law includes an individual mandate, which requires anyone that can afford it to bu y health insurance, or pay a penalty to the IRS. In essence, this is the part of the law that pays for it all. This is also the section many Republicans hate. In their philosophy, the government cannot force someone to buy something they may or may not need.They argued that this law was unconstitutional, and they sued in federal address to have the law nullified. There were deuce-ace illustrations overall one from the states (Florida v. U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Svcs. ), one from the federal government (U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Svcs. v. Florida), and one from the National Federation of Independent Business (Natl Fed. of Independent Bus. v. Sebelius). Due to conflicting vox populis from the lower courts in different jurisdictions, the irresponsible Court decided to hear the case to settle the differences.From March 26th to March 28th, 2012, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments from both sides. On the first day, the court heard argument over whether the Tax Anti-In junction Act passed into law in 1867 barred the Supreme Court from even making a decision in this case. The Tax Anti-Injunction Act says, No suit for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection of any tax revenue shall be maintained in any court by any person, whether or not such person is the person against whom such tax was assessed. Basically, it means that you cannot sue the government for a tax you believe is unfair, until you have already nonrecreational that tax.This was passed into law to prevent people from filing lawsuits against the government to avoid paying taxes. Potentially, this could mean that no one can challenge the constitutionality of the ACA (Affordable Care Act) until someone has genuinely paid the penalty. At the earliest, they could sue on April 15th, 2015. The Supreme Court held that since Congress specifically labeled the consequences of the mandate as a penalty rather than a tax, the Anti-Injunction Act did not apply to this case, and that the court had the authority to hear the arguments. On the molybdenum day, the court heard arguments over whether the ndividual mandate component of the ACA fell under the constitutional parts of Congress.There were two arguments from the Solicitor Generals side (the ones supporting the constitutionality of the ACA) the ACA was constitutional under the commerce clause, and that the ACA was constitutional under the taxing power of Congress. The states (the ones claiming the ACA is unconstitutional) argued that Congress could not create commerce for it to regulate, and that the law described the consequences of the mandate a penalty, therefore it is not a tax. On the third day, the court heard arguments on the severability of the law.They questioned whether the ACA could survive if the court struck down the individual mandate. In the end, in a 5-4 decision, the court upheld the individual mandate component of the ACA as a valid exercise of the taxing power of Congress. They conclud ed that a financial penalty for not buying something constituted a non-direct tax. Because it is a non-direct tax, it is not required to be apportioned among the several states. The justices that voted for the constitutionality of the law are the four liberal justices Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, and the conservative Chief Justice outhouse Roberts.The justices that voted against the constitutionality of the law are the other four conservative justices Anthony Kennedy, Samuel Alito, Antonin Scalia, and Clarence Thomas. John Roberts was the key swing vote. When asked why he voted for a law he is personally against, Chief Justice John Roberts responded, The Framers created a Federal Government of limited powers, and assigned to this Court the duty of enforcing those limits. The Court does so today. But the Court does not express an opinion on the wisdom of the Affordable Care Act. Under the Constitution, that judgment is reserved to the people.In my opinion, I applaud the decision of the Court. From the beginning, I thought the penalty was a tax I assumed it was called a penalty for political purposes. People would not like the idea of a tax increase. In reality, the penalty is collected in the same manner as a tax, so there are no real differences between the two. I have also gained a newfound respect for Chief Justice John Roberts. I think it is commendable to put the law in front of your personal beliefs. He has done just what is expected of a Supreme Court justice. If I were a Supreme Court justice, I would have made he same decision that he and the four liberal justices made.There are two types of consequences this law holds political and provisional. The provisional consequences of the law are the ones directly stated in the law a ban on lifetime limits, Medicaid expansion, etc. The political consequences of this law are not explicitly stated, however they can be inferred and speculated upon. There are three major poli tical consequences. The first consequence is that Obama can claim a major victory. He can now say his law withstood a Supreme Court challenge and passed the constitutionality test.A defeat would have been bad for the administration and the campaign. Instead, he has a chance to re-energize his base and reinstate the flow of campaign cash. The second consequence is that now that the law is no longer a legal issue, it becomes a campaign issue. Both Obama and Romney must sell voters on Obamacare. The court ruling could have stir a shift in public opinion among independent voters, and both candidates must appeal to this shift. Obama will insist this law was the right thing to do, while Romney will propose a new healthcare reform bill.The third consequence is that the ruling will enrage Republicans and make them more eager to vote for Romney so he can repeal the law. Voter trailer truck is expected to be lower than it was in 2008, and anything that can increase the turnout will be benefi cial for Romney. This law and its subsequent legal challenge have major political consequences. Whether you live in the 1880s or in the present day, chances are you will need health care at some point in your life. Ever since President Roosevelt proposed universal health care back in the 1930s, many politicians have tried to pass it into law.Until the ACA, it was considered politically impossible the idea just did not appeal to voters. The law has withstood a major legal challenge, and it will be up to Obama and Romney to convince independent voters that their version of healthcare reform is the best. If Obama wins the election, in 2014 everyone that can afford it must buy health insurance, whether they want to or not. If they dont, they will pay a tax equivalent to 1% of their income. If Romney wins the election, he will try to repeal the ACA and replace it with a reform package of his own. Only time will tell what will happen.

Market Failures & Professional Dilemmas Essay Example for Free

Market Failures Professional Dilemmas EssayBased on the Edwards article which market failures or imperfections are present in the Lobster Thermidor case? And toilet you identify any in your professional life? Based on the Halbert Ingulli reading (Making An Ethical Decision) apply the methods of ethical reasoning to these situations. ii market failures can be observed in the Lobster Thermidor case, a tragedy of earth goods and informational deficiencies. First of all, the divers contribute to dive deeper, to the limit of diving safety, since overfishing has make the lobsters rare and to catch the lobster less than 30 meter down is getting harder and harder. This is the very typical case of public goods, where the public resources such as the lobsters infra the sea are usually over-consumed by the individuals who try to maximize ones interest. Deforestation, which has destroyed the entire farming industry and forced Miskitos out to just rely on diving, was another tragedy c aused by the overconsumption of the public goods, forest. Secondly, both the divers and the end-consumers make wrong, irrational decisions cause of the lack of information.Divers, who do not make do the true market price of lobsters as well as the true price of potential risks, bargain away their goods with little danger pay allowances. Also, the consumers, who have no idea about the severe fishing environment in Honduras, are reluctant to pay more than current prices, formed lower than it should be at the cost of human lives. The company where I worked prior to school has always tried its best to remove any little elements of competition in its area.If there were a small but promising start-up with innovative idea and engineering science, that company used every means most were legal or grayness while a few were nearly irregular- to get rid of the potential threats. For instance, it quickly imitates the new technology of the start-up, take out the similar patent, scout the bo som human resources, block off the critical suppliers and seed funds, cut the price of competitive goods to the minimum level, and do hostile MA. This case also showed the issues related to public goods and informational deficiencies.The company attempted to minimize the production/dissemination of new technologies, which can be considered as public goods, and the newborn ventures could not protect themselves cause of the expressage access to the information. From the utilitarianism perspective, these are reasonable and desirable attempts because the larger number of stakeholders can be satisfied. My company had more than 20,000 employees while the average start-ups have no more than 100 employees.Considering the families of employees, shareholders, subcontractors, and the related industries, maximizing profit of my company could bring higher utilities than the success of small ventures. Even in long-term, my companys decision would not be wrong since the possibility of success of s tart-ups are extremely low compared to the global conglomerates. My company, which has the global network, huge infrastructure, and accumulated knowhow can exploit the new technology better and thereby encourage the social progress.In contrast, from the deontological view, it was absolutely wrong. My company not only hindered the fair competition but also committed illegal acts. Whether the result proved positive or negative is not important for the deontologists. Finally, it was not proper when applying the concept of virtue ethics since the motives of the actions of the company was not mend and contributes nearly nothing to the harmonious relationship with the community it belonged.

Feminism in Indian English Literature

Feminism in Indian face LiteratureFirst, the phase of imitation is prolonged and the dominant tradition and the international roles have affected the loving roles. Secondly, the phase of protest was established against the standards values of disembodied spirit which also includes demand for autonomy. Lastly, Self-discovery is a phase, where search for identity was the briny aim of the writers to project in their writings, as they experienced freedom from self-dependency.Thus the critic supplanted the traditional definition of feminism especi totallyy in literature by a new paradigm for manifesting the evolutionary aspect of womans consciousness as reflected in literature specifically in the British novel through and through 3 stages of progression- the feminine, the feminist and the female.While the post-colonial enigma gradually changed into a neo-colonial consciousness in India, the creative writers specially the woman factionalists resorted to examining the role of modern I ndian women vis--vis family and gild other than and more positively. The second generation of Indian women novelists like Anita Desai, Shashi Deshpande, Bharati Mukherjee and Shobha De specially exhibits a steady progression in context of the three stages advocated by Elaine Showalter. Their female protagonists demo a psychic transformation traversing and evolving gradually but firmly through the respective stages of imitation of tradition, protest and advocacy of rights, and eventually introspection leading to self-discovery which metamorphisezes them into strong, independent, busy women willing to encounter the onslaughts of carriage not merely as a minority group but with the cognizance of being powerful sustaining force for society as a whole.It has been observed that the position of women in India has been subjected to varieties of changes over the past few years. From be status with men in the prehistoric times through the less equality which was prevalent in the medieva l period. The promotion of womens rights had been taken up by many reformers in India in order to emancipate their position.In the contemporary times, women have been at high post in the nation like India, that includes, the post of President, Prime Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha and Leader of opposition party respectively. non only that women have done exceptionally well in unalike spheres of life, be it academics, teaching, defense, media or entrepreneur etc.In Ancient India, many scriptures had scripted about the situation of the women, where she enjoyed equal status as that of men. Not only in the sphere of rights but also in the field of education, were women given equal opportunity. Vedas like Rigveda and Upnishads, wrote about women sages and seers, Gargi and Matreyi.After the medieval period the position of the women got deteriorated and evil practices like Sati, child marriage, ban on widow remarriage became part of social life in India. The conquest of India by the Musli ms brought in practice like purdah and Jauhar. The conditions were difficult and stringent for Indian women, and few women excelled in the field of literature, politics, religion and education. To have-to doe with some women who excelled in contrary field, Razia Sultan who ruled over Delhi, Durgavati, the Gond Queen, Chand Bibi fought against Mughal forces of Akbar and defended Ahmednagar, Nur Jahan established imperial power and was a real force behind the Mughal throne. Mirabai,a female saint-poet was an all important(p) Bhakti movement figures.Many reformers during the British rule also worked for the upliftement of the women, and some of the freedom fighters included women in forefront like Bhikaji Cama, Dr Annie Besant, Vijaylakshmi Padit, Kasturbha Gandhi and Rani LaxmibaiIf we talk about formation women dominance, it simply means giving the women crucial authority. It has been proved since time immemorial that women are more responsible when tackling a situation, so dele gating authority with faith is the first step towards women empowerment. It also means to give rights and power to women to face the challenges of life. When we analyze empowering women, it emphasizes on inspiring women with the courage to break free from the barriers of patterns of society or religious norms that kept traditionally women suppressed.It is known fact that women, particularly in India are still backward and they are not aware of their rights that the constitution has endowed. The accusation of many reform institutions in India is to make them aware of all these facts and fight against the torture and all evil things caused to them by the society and the husbands and other people is called Women Empowerment. Women empowerment is instilled by many with the aim of giving power to women to make their own decisions in their lives. It includes social, economic, legal, and political and health empowerment. It is a central issue which is growing at a slower pace.In India, W omen Empowerment was a challenging task and one needs to acknowledge that gender based discrimination and due to this social malice was prevalent for many years. The malice merchant shipnot be removed by adopting few laws or policies, as many of them though may be on paper, but are not implemented in actual terms. The power structural forces of the society never tried to uplift the status of women at different levels and the growth of the women was stunted.At this juncture of complexities related to the rights of women, the situation can only be improved, once the social attitude is revamped and the prevalent evil practices against the women should be banned. This can be brought in by womens access and control over the decision making. Further increasing the social interaction on women at different levels in the society.In India, women are marginalized at every level of the society whether in economic, social or political participation and gender disparity is crept in the life of p eople thatThe rise of the novel in India was not purely a literary phenomenon. It was a social phenomenon as much, rather the fulfillment of a social need. It was associated with social, political and economic conditions which were comparable to those which favoured rise in England. The rise of novel and appearance of it in nineteenth atomic number 6 India as it did in eighteenth century England synchronized with the rise of individualism and with all the consequent political and social reorientations which followed.The eighteenth century was an age of anarchy from a political point of view, tear as it was by wars, conquests and annexations.The character of Indian novel is bound to vary from language to language and is bound to be conditioned by the regional, linguistic and heathen peculiarities characteristic of the writer and his environment. But the Indian novel, whether in English or in any other Indian languages, has an individual quality, a distinctiveness which calls for salutary critical attention and the Indian novel in English has this distinctiveness much more than the novels in other languages of the country, a distinctiveness which transcends all the peculiarities characteristics of different linguistic and cultural milieus. Though this would mean our accepting the Indianness of the Indian novel in English as one of the important frames of reference in all critical studies of the genre, one has to guard oneself at the same time, against the danger of the Indianness becoming, with the writer and the critic alike, an obsession, an unhealthy pre-occupation with orientalism, lush scene painting and with a desire to fancy man to the national self esteem of the Indians or gullibility of European intellectuals.A novel written by an Indian writer will certainly be Indian without any conscious effort on the part of the writer to the extent to which it depicts Indian life and culture, reflects faithfully the life and spirit of the Indian ethos and grap ples with the problems and tensions generated by the rather unique way in which an individuals life and character are determined by home, family and society in the Indian social milieu. It can be peculiarly Indian in respect of its form, narrative techniques employed and the manner in which it adapts the English language to the native sensibility.It can be much more characteristically Indian in its moral and spiritual content and in the values and ideals it upholds and it may even show another worldliness, a predilection for novel and fantasy, a tendency to turn ones back on the here and now and show a basic hunger for the unseen- all deriving from the Indian writers unconscious affiliation with the world of legends, fables and puranas.But any deliberate attempt made by the writer to make his novel Indian or to design it for a Western audience will make it artificial and unreal. Though no Indian writer writing in English can be dead free from being conscious of the Western reader, he can at least avoid designing his work specifically for a Western audience. He may write for a Western audience as much as for an Indian audience but he must write as an Indian with India in his bones, of course, but without a conscious or deliberate effort to make his work distinctively Indian.Indian fiction in English has emerged as a separate entity for the study of the rapid change and development in social, economic, political and psychological facets of Indian society.

Homeless Youth targeted by violence and crime

Homeless Youth targeted by violence and crime astir(predicate) This paper looks into how the dispossessed person younker argon at peachyer take chances than other offspring stack as they ar both victims of execrable activities and atomic consider 18 potential targets of the state authorities such as the law of nature force. Hence it is argued that the stateless spring chicken are at greater risk of been victimized and targeted by condemnable activities callable to the contextual and environ psychological factors involved in their daily lives and it is the responsibility of the authorities to make a change in those circumstances rather than targeting their culpable behaviors or punishing them as the homeless youth are caught in an economic and heathen trap.IntroductionYouth can be viewed as a demographic category that is historically and culturally constructed (Wyn White,1997 in Mallett et al.2010). Terms such as childlike people and adolescence are related t erms to the youth and how we recall of these groups and their abilities, characteristics and nature varies across time, place, culture and social context they inhibit in. According to the academic and policy provision literature in Australia and in alliance with the orbit Health Organization, unexampled people refer to people who are aged between 12 years to 25 years (Mallett et al. 2010). Our understandings of issues surrounding these unexampled people such as youth delinquency and youth homelessness are shaped and constructed by the social context and discourse to which they have been assigned to (Mallett et al. 2010).Youth homelessness is angiotensin converting enzyme of the main concerns in many of the developed as well as some developing nations due to issues of power, violence and social control associated with the homeless youth (Milburn et al. 2007 Hatty et al. 1996). According to the World Health Organization (1993) there are approximately 100 million children living on the streets all over the world without victorian care or provide (WHO, 1993). There is a range of rendering to homelessness with little agreement as to what constitutes the homelessness. The most common definition that dominates the publics view station is the rooflessness or the street homelessness, that defines homeless people as those who are sleeping rough and living on the streets (Hutson Liddiard, 1994). The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission in their report defines homelessness as a lifestyle which takes insecurity and transiency of shelter. In its definition of homelessness, it barely emphasised that homelessness is not merely limited to the lack of shelter but also indicates a state of vulner ability to dangers such as maltreatment due to the detachment from family (Hatty et al. 1996). According to MacKenzie Chamberlain (2006), the basic idea underlying the cultural definition of homelessness is the shared community standards about the minimum level of appointment people are expected to have in their community. This minimum level of accommodation acts as the basis for the categorization of homelessness as primary, tributary and tertiary categories of homelessness. The primary category includes those without conventional accommodation and are people living on the streets and the secondary homelessness includes those that move around temporary shelter such as boarding houses and short term stays with other households. The tertiary category of homelessness includes people who are in one particular shelter on a medium to long term basis which is defined as minimum 13 weeks (MacKenzie Chamberlain, 2006). This definition of homelessness however does not take into account or include all of the homeless population that are at risk and therefore the service providers much use a more broader definition that includes people who are at risk and are attempting to return to secure accommodation (MacKenzie Chamberlain, 2006).The discour se of at risk youth refers to how early days people tend to risk their future by attractive in behaviors that would jeopardize a desirable future through engaging in problematic behaviors in the future. This discourse puts the individual at risk soles responsible for changing their behaviors by individualizing the problems and the solutions (Mallet et al. 2010). Therefore, the homeless youth can be viewed in spite of appearance this discourse when looking into their problematic behaviors such as substance abuse or unsafe sex which in turn labels these youth and stigmatizing them against other youth.why LEAVE HOME? GENDER RACE ETCYouth homelessness is a major political and social issue in contemporary Australia where a 50,000 homeless youth with approximately 2% aged between 15 24 years was reported by the year 1998 (Chamberlain MacKenzie, 1998, cited in Milburn et al. 2007). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, at year 2006, the homeless population in Australia tot aled 105,000 with 16% accounting for absolute homelessness such as sleeping out on the streets or in improvised shelter and the number of homeless youth aged between 12 to 18 years was reported as 17,891 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). These groups of youth are often related with stigma that is associated with deviance and an economically and socially marginalized underclass that created social fears among the public and promote the vulnerability faced by these youth (Blackman, 1997). They are also three times more likely to be arrested for juvenile crimes due to their homelessness (Kaufman Spatz Wisdom, 1999 cited in Thrane et al. 2008).In this essay I will argue that the groups of homeless youth are at greater risk than other groups of youth due to the greater vulnerability to deviant behaviors and that these deviant behaviors are social constructions that are mostly related to the public perceptions, situation and place and as a result are targeted by the law enforcem ent authorities, mainly the police due to the contextual factors associated with their life style.Why at greater risk?Many studies have been published on the homeless youth and their involvement in the criminal activities (Miles Okamoto, 2008) and it is revealed that the homeless and runaway youth are at higher risks of offending and in engaging in deviant behavior (Thrane et al. 2008) as while on the streets they are always exposed to environments with criminal activity and violence (Miles Okamoto, 2008). Homeless young people are typically viewed as leading risky and chaotic lives with addictions and mental and other health problems that threaten their well-being (Mallett et al. 2010). They often have poor health and well-being due to high level of substance use and abuse and are at higher levels of risk in contracting sexually transmitted disease and experiencing victimization. The key areas of risk related behaviors among homeless youth include drug and alcohol use, physical a nd mental health issues, unsafe sexual practices and sexual health as well as violence (Mallett et al. 2010). Assaulting behavior, shoplifting, drug trans doing and prostitution to earn money for food are well known crimes among homeless youth (Thrane et al. 2008). Homeless youth are also represented as a high risk population with respect to HIV infections as a result of complex psychological and social forces they are exposed. With the freedom from paternal and other social controls at young age, these youth has a greater ability to engage in deviant and risky behaviors which includes sexual risk activities which puts this undefendable population at higher risk for HIV than their housed counter parts (Milburn et al. 2007). These behaviors can also be explained by their attitude towards their own bodies. With little or no option in life, these young people view their bodies as the last resort or personal capital they own. It is also the last thing they can exercise control or choi ce over as well as the only thing available for free. This can lead to regarding the trunk as the final resource for pleasure that encourages them to extend the body to its limits by use of different substances and by other forms of self inflicted injuries and self abuse (Blackman, 1997).These criminal activities play a major role in constructing the image of homeless youth as dangerous and deviant (Miles Okamoto, 2008). These young people are further at risk of being victimized by criminal activity because of the unlikelihood of them reporting such crimes to the police and the lack of control they have over the environment they live in (Baron 1997 Kipke et al. 1997 cited in Miles Okamoto, 2008). However, it is important to understand the way the context of the street creates a complex set of issues for homeless youth due to negative peer affiliations, exposure to crime, violence and substance use that acts as part of the lived experience of the homeless youth (Miles Okamoto, 20 08).According to Blackman (1997), the homeless youth groups has recessed themselves in a localized subculture where specific strategies are used for coping with the threats faced in their everyday lives which he calls the cultural immersion that often acts as an element of a culture of survival. Problems of hunger and shelter lead to offenses from theft of food to serious theft and together with these, problems of unemployment and shelter brings out prostitution (McCarthey Hagan, 1992). This reveals the situational context of the deviances and crimes related to the homeless youth. Therefore, we can suggest that much of the deviant behavior the homeless youth engages in were produced by the conditions they live in and hence in addressing these implications policy on changing the situation context of the streets plays a bigger role than simply focusing on punishment methods (Miles Okamoto, 2008).Why target by the police?Police forces have always had an implicit responsibility in ma intaining surveillance on the activities of youth cultures and young people in public spaces in order to ensure their welfare as well as to maintain good order. With regards to homeless youth, the police have been responsible in taking action to remove young people from potentially dangerous and unsafe home environments and these contacts with homeless youth and the capacity of the police to caution with some level of adroitness over the prosecution of offences is important in the way that police interacts with youth (Smith, 1995). These discretions and contacts may either be positive or negative depending on number of factors. According Mark Finnane from Griffiths University, the police have often shown some level of discretion over their responses to offences against good order with factors such as class, race, gender and ethnicity of the young person in offence carrying some influence on the manner the police would proceed with the offence creating a difference in the way young people are treated for offences (Finnane cited in White Alder, 1994). This is particularly relevant in regards to the Aboriginal homeless youth in Australia with serious concerns raised on the relationship between Aboriginal young people and the juvenile justice system (Cunneen, 1995). Aboriginal homeless young people are often subjected to police surveillance with more aggressive police interventions, intimidations and harassments in their day to day lives (Smith, 1995). The Indigenous people were also over represented in all states of the homeless population in Australia (MacKenzie Chamberlain, 2008) as well as in public custody and juvenile detention centers (Cunneen, 1995).Unemployed and with little or no disposable income and with more time in hand, the spaces homeless young people inhabit are more likely to be of risk and violence and as a result they are continually exposed to aggressions which are far from their choosing (Blackman, 1997). Also due to the little social conn ections they have within the rest of the homeless youth, these young people tend to gather around in public spaces more often that other young people. Due to commercialization where more public space is been taken off for commercial purposes the young homeless youth tend to meet and socialize in shopping centers and other similar places where they become unadorned targets of the law enforcement authorities (Smith, 1995). Therefore, need for negotiating public space is a main factor that attracts the police forces to homeless youth as the police carries the responsibility in maintaining good order where as the homeless youth are in search of claiming space of themselves for shelter and survival.The relationship between the police and homeless youth are also affected by the public perception of homeless young people (Finnane cited in Smith, 1995). The publics attitude that in return affects the local policies has the ability to increase or decrease the level of social control or stra in for homeless youth (Miles Okamoto, 2008). The media portrayal of social problems like homelessness has a great impact on the formation of public attitudes as the media acts as the main source of information to many people (Hutson Lididard, 1994). For example, when the term juvenile delinquency was firstly presented in the media in the 1950s with a view of youth culture as deviant or delinquent, increasing policing measures were made in order to carry on youth cultures under surveillance. Incidents as such provide evidence of a clear relationship between public perception, the media presentations and public policy (Smith, 1995). And these policies and attitudes could result in alienating and stigmatizing the homeless young people by acting as a barrier to achieve positive goals and forcing negative relationships with their communities and authorities (Miles Okamoto, 2008).ConclusionIn conclusion, young people living on the streets have typically exited from households with co nflict and violence into the streets where they experience threats and acts of violence by other homeless and street predators as well as by those in authority particularly the police (Davis, Hatty Burke, 1995). It is not surprising that these young people encounter more contacts with the police as much of the homeless people reported incidence of drug, alcohol and other substance abuse and minor petty crimes to major threats (Smith, 1995). These crimes associated with the homeless youth are not simply deviant behaviors that can be individualized but are products of the contextual and environmental factors surrounding these youth. Studies have revealed that many homeless young people (up to 55%) reported contact with the police as a consequence of their homelessness and majority of the respondents reported negative relationships with the police where they were distrustful and fearful of the police (Thrane et al. 2008) while some mentioning of instances where the police helping them access services and help(Smith, 1995). Therefore, it is important that the authorities look more into the context of these homeless young people who are often disengaged from positive sources and are in need direction and assistance rather than control or punishment and criminalizing the homeless youth.

The Makeover Beauty Salon Marketing Essay

The Makeover strike beauty beauty beauty parlour securities industrying EssayIntroductionThe Makeover dishful salon is a beauty beauty shop that aims at rendering upper limit guest satisf run by providing the best improvement, using high quality overlaps, and building a pleasant environment at an affordable price, to meet the need of customers of exclusively social status. I am the owner of The Makeover smash beauty salon and I perceive an un fulfil customer need for a low-cost salon that provides maximum flexibility and great customer attention. Using this strategy, The Makeover Beauty beauty shop forget gain much reputation and create long-term relationships with its customers.The Makeover Beauty Salon is the altogether expanse salon to be online and fully automated and will shoot the most aggressive marketplaceing campaign of any other area salon.The Makeover Beauty Salon will target both different market fragmentsYoungsters will typically make up 70-75% of th e clientele.Young mothers with children.http//www.bplans.com/hair_salon_ melodic line_plan/images/bc49aab41b914ef99dca65af1ff71a82.pngFuture OpportunitiesThe main segment of the population that is targeted by the salon is the younger contemporaries, which is the youth. It has been noticed that adolescents homogeneous different and new looks, which are apart from others. They like to look truly special and The Makeover Beauty Salon has all the means to satisfy the needs of the main targeted group.This opportunity will be researched and developed on a trial basis. For example, e real weekend, race skunk go to the salon and i will do their makeup or hair. If successful, it could become a major new source of income without creating the need for surplus staff or production space.The management team of The Makeover Beauty SalonI will be the alone manager of the salon. I will nurse as assistant, Miss Shazia. The latter takes the responsibility of supervising the workers when I will not be present at the salon. Miss Shazia has a degree in management of salon and she has two eld of experience from another salon.I deplete also appointed two complainttakers, Mrs Aisha and Miss Dolly, who will take oversee of customers children when the customers will be pampering themselves. Growth opportunities improve employee retention within our industry. The salon acknowledges the need for growth of the individual.II The BusinessThe companyAfter a tedious search for a suitable place for the salon, finally one was found at the centre of the island. The location of the salon would be perfect, as it can welcome customers from all over Mauritius. The exact location is in the centre of Curepipe. The upstartly completed highway in the surrounding offershundreds of thousands of local residents, shoppers from outside the area, and travelers that use of goods and values this new highway.With this high concentration of customers thereis no big and sophisticated salon in the loc ality. This is one of the main advantages of affording the salon at that particular proposition location.Services and products offeredThe Makeover Beauty Salon is considered an innovating beauty salon which offers a wide weave of services that includeHaircuts, relaxers, perms, colors, shampoo, conditioning, curling, reconstructing, weaving, and wavingNailsmanicures, pedicures, polish, sculptured nailsSkin premeditationEuropean facials, body waxing, massageMakeup bridal makeup, casual makeup, formal makeup, amongst othersService is offered on a walk-in basis or by appointment. The Makeover Beauty Salon will emphasize a customer-centric service where the customers needs are always the priority.The Makeover Beauty Salon will also sell hair care products, which is forecasted to account for about 15% of exchanges. These professional-quality supplies will include shampoos, conditioners, brushes, combs, and other styling aids.Company OverviewThe Makeover Beauty Salon is located in Cure pipe and will offer affordable priced, cheerful hair styling. The Makeover Beauty Salon will accept walk-ins as well as appointments for the entire family. The salon will grow its market share found on overlord customer attention. The Salon is a family hair salon, also known as a strong hair salon and this new salon has everything to set up a new furnishpillar tread and disguise people in an unexpected way. It is owned by Miss Chellen, who has recently returned from the United States, with innovative ideas, after advanced studies about the fashion and makeup line, and also in beauty salon management.Company OwnershipThe Makeover Beauty Salon will be entirely owner by me. I guide make a degree in Beauty Salon management and a degree in General Cosmetology in the United States. I also worked in a salon for more than than than 5 years there. I have a very friendly approach in the salon and when I am tutoring.Salons motto The trend begins hereVision MissionThe Makeover Beaut y Salons vision is to create a harmonious, productive, and profitable salon environment, supplying the community with Avon cosmetology.The mission statement is very clear The Makeover Beauty Salon has been ceremonious to set a new path in the beauty line by providing an exceptional service which aims at satisfying people of all age. Through its services, the salon aims at exceeding customers expectations.ObjectivesTo cater for the fast changing trends of makeup and hair bearings.To make people look more special and different from others.To supply services and products that enhances our clients physical appearance and mental relaxation.Keys to triumphSet up the salon in a location easily accessible to everyone.The environment should be very appealing, friendly and relaxing.Try to be as innovative as possible in styles.Dare to try well-nighthing new.Aim at complete customer satisfaction by fling the best service at affordable prices.The Makeover Beauty Salon can best be described a s presently being in the business of cosmetology, education, and wellness. In recent times our key strengths have been customer service.The Makeover Beauty Salon will use automation to keep hold of clients. According to studies, it takes 3 times the hail of effort to attract a new client than the effort to retain a satisfied client. at present, 10% of all salons are automated. in the vicinity, 3 salons are automated and none use the technology to market and track clients. Automation is a key to growing and maintaining our target market.Goals and ObjectivesIt is the goal of The Makeover Beauty Salon to provide the community with an institution of cosmetology that targets all socioeconomic standings and is a model for the industry nationally.Startup SummaryAfter several months of search for a salon to purchase, the owner decided to start a salon from the ground up. The Makeover Beauty Salon will incur the following start-up costsComputer with point of sale terminal.Computer with prin ter for back office.Five cutting stations, each station requires a barber chair, cabinet, large mirror, blow dryer, curling iron, electric razor, several pairs of scissors, sprinkle bottle, two sided mirror, and assorted combs and brushes.Desk for reception area.Three couches for the reception area.Display shelf for sale of retail products.Assorted plants.Assorted toys for the children.Legal fees for business formation and generation/review of contracts.http//www.bplans.com/hair_salon_business_plan/images/6ff2aec4851d460cb0a964e4122e4fa2.pngStartup fundingStart-up Expenditure to strain$2000Start-up Assets to Fund$104,000 natural Funding Required$106,000AssetsNon-cash Assets from Start-up$8,450 bullion Requirements from Start-up$89,720Additional gold Raised$0Cash Balance on Starting Date$89,720 bring Assets$98,170Liabilities and ceilingLiabilitiesCurrent acceptation$0Long-term Liabilities$40,000Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills)$0Other Current Liabilities (interest-free)$0Tota l Liabilities$40000CapitalPlanned investmentChellen$100,000Investor 2$0Other$0Additional enthronization Requirement$0Total Planned Investment$100,000Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses)($1,100)Total Capital$98,900Total Capital and Liabilities$104,000Total Funding$106,000Start-upRequirementsStart-up ExpensesLegal$1,000Stationery etc.$100Other$0Total Start-up Expenses$2,000Start-up AssetsCash Required$89,720Other Current Assets$0Long-term Assets$7,000Total Assets$104,000Total Requirements$106,000III Management TeamI will be running(a) full time at the Makeover Beauty Salon. She will be in charge of all recruitment and training, purchasing, and retail gross sales. Apart from the assistant manager and the two caretakers, I will also employ a receptionist totake care of all of the appointments as well as the people who walk in, and be responsible for(p) for the point of sale.The receptionist will be paid an hourly wage. I even plan to hire some part-time hair stylists during wedding periods and the eves of festivals, which will persist on an hourly/commission basis.I thought of using a partial commission basis to create incentives for greater customer attention. The better service employees provide to their customers, the greater customer satisfaction will be derived and the more money they will make off commissions. Miss Chellen will be delightful to pay for this type of performance.IV Organizational StructureThe organisational structure of The Makeover BeautyThe untested Looking salon will be like a mat organisation structure. It is supervised closely by the founder. Thus, efficiency is maintained and so is the satisfaction of customers. The salon is structured as follows in the diagram below.DirectorChildren Caretakersconductor of salonAssisstant ManagerPart-timersPart-timersPart-timersDiagram 1 This represents the business structure.Intellectual PropertyThe patent license, trademark and copyright agreements have already been applied for approval.V att ention AnalysisSWOT AnalysisStrengthsoutstanding location.Well-qualified employees with good hair cutting skills with a wide style collection, andCustomer-focused business practices.A wide range of services offered. Cutthroat prices.WeaknessesAs a new entrant to the market, The Makeover Beauty Salon lacks brand equity that many other salons have gained over years of service.Large costs related with a start-up company.OpportunitiesA becalm growing market that is traditionally unaffected by the economic environment.The ability to decrease borderline fixed costs as the customer base grows.Increasing sales opportunities as more people from an individual family visits The Makeover Beauty Salon.ThreatsCompetition from already established salons.A change in traffic patterns as they relate to the mall where The Makeover Beauty Salon is located.The hair styling industry is highly divided with national chains, some of which operates diverse franchises catering to all the market segments, an d also including thousands of mom and pop salons that are very limited in scale and services. This makes for an extremely aggressive market that has low barriers to entry and exit. Moreover, the customers of hair styling have considerable control imputable to the low switching costs they have. However, most companies have tried to pursue only one general strategy in gaining more reputation. The Makeover Beauty Salon is of the view that that it is possible to offer a differentiated service through superior customer service at no greater considerable cost if the right employee incentives are provided.With this strategy in mind, the salons purpose is to boost the look of clients served by at least 30% per year.Target MarketThe Makeover Beauty Salon will be targeting two different groups of customers, moreover will lay more emphasis on the youths. It will work hard to distinctly appeal to each of these groups. By focusing on more than one group, the salon is minimizing its lay on the line that in a downturn one group will negatively affect the company.Market SegmentationThe Makeover Beauty Salon will target troika different market segmentsYoungsters will normally make up 70-75% of the clientele, as they are very conscious about looking good, having perfectly trimmed eyebrows and they like to keep changing their styles regularly.Young mothers with children. Most young children are notoriously difficult when it comes to getting haircuts. A family style salon is a more mellow place that allows the children to play while they are waiting and thus will work with the parents in calming the kids nerves when they are ready for their shearing.Target Market Segment StrategyThe Makeover Beauty Salon will target each of the two groups separately. The youngsters will be pampered in a very bright, appealing, colorful and agreeable atmosphere. Employees will use the latest equipment available with them, which would suit their preferences and with which they will feel at e ase.The Makeover Beauty Salon will alsotarget mothers with children by offering the kids toys to play with while they wait and child-friendly hair stylists. Moreover, children will receive a special rate reflecting the fact that childrens hair grows so fast that it can be costly to keep up with regular cuts, as well as the recognition that it generally takes lesser time to cut a childs hair so it should be naturally less expensive.Competition and Buying PatternsThe Makeover Beauty Salon competitors includeTraditional barbers. They do not work on appointments as it offers an open door service. While barbers are willing to give you any(prenominal) cut you want, they are generally providing straight forward haircuts, typically on the conservative side. The advantages of a barber are they are low-cost and easy to use. Their disadvantages is often conservative styling capacities, sometimes a long wait as the barber may be an old timer who enjoys to chit chat.Franchised quick salons. An e xample of this would be Supercuts or Best Cuts. In essence this is a franchised version of The Makeover Beauty Salon. The advantage of this style is the store will be the same from location to location and some people like this predictability.Independent salons. These salons typically focus on a specialized niche and do not serve a large group of customers. The advantages to these could be an independent salon that caters for all of your needs. The disadvantage is that because they tend to be more focused, more often than not this type of salon will not offer exactly whatcustomers are looking for.Competitive EdgeThe Makeover Beauty Salon aims to be very different from the beauty salons which offer only one or two services. From surveys, it has been concluded that customers often get frustrated as they have to get their hair done at one place and facial and makeup done at another place. This becomes very annoying for clients as they have to travel a lot and it is tiresome as well. T herefore the Makeover Beauty Salon plans to offer all these services under the same roof. As such, clients will be more at ease to make themselves beautiful.There exist several salons that are already proving the same services as the Makeover Beauty Salon, but they charge very high prices which everybody cannot afford as these salons are situates mostly in towns, where high rent have to be paid. Therefore, to attract the maximum number of customers, the Makeover Beauty Salon plans to offer better quality service than the other salons, but at affordable prices so that everyone can afford making then look beautiful, especially the youngsters, as they are the one that the salon is targeting at.Basically the atmosphere prevailing at the Makeover Beauty Salon will be very cozy and relaxing, where clients would love to be pampered. A welcoming drink will be served to clients as they enter the salon they can chose amongst tea, coffee, juice, soft drink. A television receiver will be loca ted in the waiting room and a radio in the hair-drying area, as this may take some time.VI market PlanMarketing StrategyThe Makeover Beauty Salon has a very simple marketing strategy satisfying its clients. Miss Chellen is of the view that when a customer leaves her salon, he/she should have a new look which would be perfect for the occasion the latter would be attending, and the latter should also be representing the Makeover Beauty Salon through his/her makeup and hairstyle the client should be a medium of portraying the salons qualities, service and image.Miss Chellen has no plans to advertise her new salon. According to researches, a satisfied customer is able to influence 11 14 people positively. Therefore, the owner of the salon is of the view that its the satisfied customers that will bring new customers to her salon and her business grows. She has, in her mind, a strategy to reward her potential clients who are able to attract new customer into the salon. sales StrategyTh e Makeover Beauty Salon sales approach will be based on exceptionally professional communications with the customer. Normally the quick salons lay emphasis on being quick and inexpensive, often at the cost of customer service. Anytime that a potential customer will talk with someone at the Makeover Beauty Salon, the owner/employee will have an opportunity to impress the customer. Employee training will emphasize seizing these opportunities.The Makeover Beauty Salon will also have the chance to increase sales of its retail hair care products every time it has a customer in the chair. The Makeover Beauty Salon offers interesting discounts on the hair care products for employees to use these products, so that they can explain to the customer about their personal experiences. Additionally, the Makeover Beauty Salon offers a product-based commission structure for the hair care products where they give away the product to the employee for commissions for selling the items to their custome rs. These personal testimonials and commission structure will allowthe salon to generate good sales from the retail hair care products.Sales forecastsThe foremost diagram above depicts the first years forecast of the Makeover Beauty Salon sales. In the first 4 months, sales will be very steady as the salon will experience new customers, who will get to know about the services that the salon offers. During the subsequent months, an increase in all the services offered is expected, as the customers will be satisfied with the service of the salon.Sales Forecast division 1Year 2Year 3SalesYoungsters$20,150$35,260$41,100Women with small children$2,015$3,526$4,110Retail hair care products$29,225$32,975$40,ergocalciferolTotal Sales$51,390$71,761$85,710Direct Cost of SalesYear 1Year 2Year 3Youngsters$2,600$4,750$4,900Women with small children$260$475$490Retail hair care products$14,500$26,000$27,500Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales$17,360$31,225$32,890VII Operation PlanFacilitiesThe salon will be offering fellowship styling and makeup for brides or any other special weekends, but for that, an appointment is despotic this should be done at least 3 weeks before the due date. Potential clients will not be charged with the travelling costs.Hours of operationThe salon will be open week from 8 am to 5pm on Monday to Saturday. However, on Saturdays and public holidays, it will be opened from 10 am to 1 pm.Employee Training EducationEmployees will be trained not only in their specific styling duties but in the philosophy and practical applications of our concept. They will receive broad tuition from the owner and be kept informed of the latest information concerning styling and makeup applications through continuous training.Systems ControlsA big emphasis is being set(p) on extensive research into the quality and integrity of our products. They will invariably be tested for our own high standards of effectiveness and professionalism. Cosmetic products costs and enrolme nt control will be handled by our computer system and examine daily by management.FacilitiesThe salon will be offering home styling and makeup for brides or any other special weekends, but for that, an appointment is compulsory this should be done at least 3 weeks before the due date. Potential clients will not be charged with the travelling costs.Hours of operationThe salon will be open week from 8 am to 5pm on Monday to Saturday. However, on Saturdays and public holidays, it will be opened from 10 am to 1 pm.Employee Training EducationEmployees will be trained not only in their specific styling duties but in the philosophy and applications of our concept. They will receive extensive information from the owner and be kept informed of the latest information concerning styling and makeup applications through continuous training.Systems ControlsA big emphasis is being placed on extensive research into the quality and integrity of our products. They will constantly be tested for ou r own high standards of effectiveness and professionalism. Cosmetic products costs and inventory control will be handled by our computer system and checked daily by management.VIII pecuniary PlanStart-up FundingStart-up Expenses to Fund$1,817Start-up Assets to Fund$60,600Total Funding Required$62,417AssetsNon-cash Assets from Start-up$60,100Cash Requirements from Start-up$500Additional Cash Raised$0Cash Balance on Starting Date$500Total Assets$60,600Liabilities and CapitalLiabilitiesCurrent Borrowing$0Long-term Liabilities$61,917Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills)$0Other Current Liabilities (interest-free)$0Total Liabilities$61,917CapitalPlanned InvestmentOwner$500Investor$0Additional Investment Requirement$0Total Planned Investment$500Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses)($1,817)Total Capital($1,317)Total Capital and Liabilities$60,600Total Funding$62,417Important AssumptionsThe following section will detail important Financial Assumptions.General AssumptionsYear 1Year 2Year 2Plan Month123Current Interest Rate10.00%10.00%10.00%Long-term Interest Rate10.00%10.00%10.00% tax revenue Rate30.00%30.00%30.00%Other000Projected Cash FlowThe cash flow depends on assumptions for inventory turnover, payment days, and accounts receivable management. Our communicate same-day collections are critical, and are reasonable and customary in the salon industry. We do not expect to need significant additional support even when we knock over the less profitable months, as they are expected.http//www.bplans.com/hair_salon_business_plan/images/d5e510e0cfe04c2484123f1575a810dc.pngProjected Cash FlowYear 1Year 2Year 3Cash reliableCash from OperationsCash Sales$277,143$504,802$525,337Subtotal Cash from Operations$277,143$504,802$525,337Additional Cash ReceivedSales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received$0$0$0New Current Borrowing$0$0$0New Other Liabilities (interest-free)$0$0$0New Long-term Liabilities$0$0$0Sales of Other Current Assets$0$0$0Sales of Long-term Assets$0$0$0New Investment Receiv ed$0$0$0Subtotal Cash Received$277,143$504,802$525,337ExpendituresYear 1Year 2Year 3Expenditures from OperationsCash Spending$251,600$275,200$279,200Bill Payments$101,816$172,090$181,489Subtotal spent on Operations$353,416$447,290$460,689Additional Cash SpentSales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out$0$0$0Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing$0$0$0Other Liabilities Principal Repayment$0$0$0Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment$0$0$0Purchase Other Current Assets$0$0$0Purchase Long-term Assets$0$0$0Dividends$0$0$0Subtotal Cash Spent$353,416$447,290$460,689Net Cash Flow($76,273)$57,513$64,648Cash Balance$20,307$77,820$142,467Projected Balance Sheet of The Makeover Beauty SalonYear 1Year 2Year 3AssetsCurrent AssetsCash$20,307$77,820$142,467Other Current Assets$0$0$0Total Current Assets$20,307$77,820$142,467Long-term AssetsLong-term Assets$7,320$7,320$7,320Accumulated depreciation$1,464$2,928$4,392Total Long-term Assets$5,856$4,392$2,928Total Assets$26,163$82,212$145,395Liabilities and Ca pitalYear 1Year 2Year 3Current LiabilitiesAccounts Payable$11,945$14,341$14,968Current Borrowing$0$0$0Other Current Liabilities$0$0$0Subtotal Current Liabilities$11,945$14,341$14,968Long-term Liabilities$45,000$45,000$45,000Total Liabilities$56,945$59,341$59,968Paid-in Capital$60,000$60,000$60,000Retained Earnings($1,100)($90,782)($37,130)Earnings($89,682)$53,652$62,557Total Capital($30,782)$22,870$85,427Total Liabilities and Capital$26,163$82,212$145,395Net Worth($30,782)$22,870$85,427IX Critical Risk factorsManagement Risks It can be considered the identification, assessment, and prioritization of fortunes followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate event or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risks can come from uncertainty in financial markets, regurgitate failures and legal liabilities in the Makeover Beauty Salon.Other potential Management risks may beDefective produc ts/services.Health and safety incidents.Faulty equipment.(e.g. damaged wires or sockets)environmental risks (e.g. noise pollution and the use of eco-friendly product)Technological obsolescence.Theft of assetsMarketing Risks Marketing is a risk and you cant go on happily thinking that whatever youre doing is working for the best of the organization. By the time you do so, the market will have shifted from under your feet.Some marketing risks may beGovernment action ( pass law to limit the time for using salon till late night)Rival (imitation of ideas is done quickly by competitors)Operating Risks It is a risk arising from execution of a companys business functions. As such, it is a very broad concept including e.g fraud risks, legal risks, physical or environmental risks in the Makeover Beauty Salon.Other forms of operating risks may bethe type of product received from suppliersthe neighbourhood problem which can halt workthe defect that hairstyle is not done according to customer wi shregulation which employee dont acceptculture for where on a day some worker have to leave for prayerFinancial Risks It is basically any risk related with any form of financing. Risk is probability of unfavorable condition in financial sector it is the probability of developed return being less than expected return for a business company.Intellectual Property Infringement It is the infringement of an intellectual prop

Terrorism - The US Military Cannot Defeat the Terrorists :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The US Military Cannot Defeat the Terrorists   One Source    One of the consequences of the horrendous terrorist attacks of September 11 is that the United States is marching off to war in numerous countries around the globe.  Given the terrible damage and large numbers of casualties, it is hardly surprising that intimately Americans want to destroy the terrorist organization(s) that launched the attacks and the government(s) that aided and abetted the terrorists.  Unfortunately, there has been remarkably little public discussion as to why people from the Middle East chose to become self-destruction bombers intent on piloting air liners into enormous office buildings filled with people.  Nor has there been much deliberation regarding the probable consequences of using military machine force to revenge terrorists and the governments that harbor them.             President George W. Bush struck a popular chord when he charged that terrorists have attacked America because we argon freedoms home and upholder.  In his analysis, Americans are innocent victims of barbaric people that hate freedom and hate what we stand for. The victims on the four highjacked planes and in the buildings were innocent victims, but President Bush is verbalise a widely held myth whenever he argues that the terrorist attacks were designed to destroy freedom and res publica in the United States, or that the United States was attacked because it is the defender of freedom and democracy abroad.  In fact, the United States was attacked, not because of its political ideals, but rather because of its governments foreign policy in the Middle East.                During World War II and in the historic period after, U.S. power flowed into the region.  There the U.S. government sought allies in the fight against fascism, then communism, and lastly against an expansionist Iraq.  In these conflicts American policy makers were not token about who the help they recruited.  Brutal dictatorships, repressive military governments, and absolute monarchies were all recipients of U.S. economic and military assistance.  In Iran the United States government even went so far-off as to overthrow the countrys democratically elected parliamentary government in 1953.               Today, the United States government arms and trains the militaries of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and American troops help defend these countries.  But these countries are run by monarchies that deny fundamental democratic rights to their peoples and vigorously oppress any opponents to their rule.  The United States government also supports with extensive military and economic aid a corrupt one-party dictatorship in Egypt.

Though magazines and newspapers belong to the same category (printed

Though magazines and newspapers belong to the same category (printed media), they can still fulfill whole different goals when it comes to advertising. The mostAnalysis of newspapers & magazinesIntroductionThe intention of this assignment is to state the advantages anddisadvantages of magazines and newspapers (printed media). As theadvantages and disadvantages of both differ, we decided to separatethe different media in order to worry a clear overview of both typesregarding marketing communications. Printed media is a good medium forusing cross-media communication, but it is also a good way of getting local recognition.NewspapersNewspapers permit an advertiser to reach a large number of people in acity, town, and region or within a specified geographical area.Newspapers are one of the major advertising media for the smallerretailers and some larger corporations. Newspapers are normallycreated and bought daily. A few examples of newspapers are- The Irish times- The Irish independen t- The Letterkenny postThe newspapers stated above all have a different geographicdistribution and this also affects the ads that are in thesenewspapers. Social groups, demographic characteristics and otheridentifiable segmentations are also usually linked to certainnewspapers, which make it more appealing to advertise a product or wait on that corresponds mostly with the newspapers personality.Advantages of newspapers- High...