Exhaust EmissionsTask 3 P4Petrol and diesel engines work in slightly :: Design and Technology

Exhaust EmissionsTask 3 P4Petrol and diesel locomotives work in about different ways and elicit different fuels, so they produce different exhaustsPetrol and diesel engines work in slightly different ways and burndifferent fuels, so they produce different exhausts. Compared withpetrol engines, diesel engines produce smaller amounts of unburnt andpartially burnt fuel but can produce much nitrogen oxides and larger-than-lifeamounts of smoke. These particles consist of soot, hydrocarbons,sulphur-based chemicals and volatile organic compounds.Heavy duty diesel fomites, such as trucks, can be very pollutingbecause they produce large amounts of particulates and nitrogenoxides. Diesel exhaust has also been shown to be a probable cause ofcancer.WHAT ARE DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST EMISSIONS?Cold Start Emissions - get-go and driving a vehicle the first fewminutes results in higher emissions because the emissions controlequipment has not yet reached its optimal operating temperature.running ga me Emissions - Pollutants are emitted from the vehicles exhaustduring driving and idling after the vehicle is warmed up.Diesel engine exhaust emissions are a mixture of gases, vapors, liquidaerosols and substances do up of particles. They contain the produces of combustion including* carbon* nitrogen* water* carbon monoxide* aldehydes* nitrogen dioxide* sulphur dioxide* Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsThe carbon particle or soot topic varies from 60% to 80% dependingon the fuel used and the type of engine. Most of the contaminants areadsorbed onto the soot. Petrol engines produce more carbon monoxidebut much slight soot than diesel engines.WHAT FACTORS AFFECT THE COMPOSITION OF DIESEL FUMES?* the quality of diesel fuel used* the type of engine, e.g. standard, turbo or injector* the state of engine tune* the fuel pump setting* the workload demand on the engine* the engine temperature* Whether the engine has been regularly maintained.WHAT DOES THE COLOUR OF THE SMOKE PRODUCED INDIC ATE?Smoke is the product of combustion. Vehicles at a workplace mayproduce three kinds of smoke, two of which indicate engine problems.The three types are* Blue smoke (mainly oil and unburnt fuel). This indicates that the vehicle has been poorly serviced and/or a tuned engine* Black smoke (soot, oil and unburnt fuel). This indicates there is a mechanical fault with the engine* White smoke (water droplets and unburnt fuel) which is produced when the engine is started from cold and disappears when the engine warms upExhaust fumes are just one of the ways CO2 adds to climate changeNot only do vehicles cause localised air pollution, they are alsoresponsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.